![]() ![]() ![]() The book uses historical examples such as the Industrial Revolution along with commentary on science, nature, and society. Technical nutrients are materials that remain within closed-loop industrial cycles. Biological nutrients are materials that can re-enter the environment. This vision of upcycling is based on a system of "lifecycle development" initiated by Braungart and colleagues at the Environmental Protection Encouragement Agency in the 1990s: after products have reached the end of their useful life, they become either "biological nutrients" or "technical nutrients". ![]() The book discourages downcycling, but rather encourages the manufacture of products with the goal of upcycling in mind. It suggests that the " reduce reuse recycle" methods perpetuate this cradle-to-grave strategy, and that more changes need to be made. It calls for a radical change in industry: a switch from a cradle-to-grave pattern to a cradle-to-cradle pattern. It is a manifesto detailing how to achieve their Cradle to Cradle Design model. ![]() Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things is a 2002 non-fiction book by German chemist Michael Braungart and US architect William McDonough. ![]()
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